{"id":15,"date":"2022-10-20T21:48:48","date_gmt":"2022-10-20T19:48:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/husweg.eu\/cz\/?page_id=15"},"modified":"2022-12-14T22:28:02","modified_gmt":"2022-12-14T21:28:02","slug":"cestovani-ve-stredoveku","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/husweg.eu\/cz\/cestovani-ve-stredoveku\/","title":{"rendered":"Cestov\u00e1n\u00ed ve st\u0159edov\u011bku"},"content":{"rendered":"\r\n
\"\"

Historick\u00e9 zobrazen\u00ed obchodn\u00edka na Zlat\u00e9 cest\u011b.<\/p><\/div>\r\n

Mobilita ve st\u0159edov\u011bku m\u011bla pozoruhodn\u00fd rozsah. Obchodn\u00edci cestovali po cel\u00e9 Evrop\u011b i nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d kontinenty za \u00fa\u010delem m\u00edstn\u00edho i d\u00e1lkov\u00e9ho obchodu. Krom\u011b nich vyu\u017e\u00edvali obchodn\u00ed\u00a0cesty vyslanci, diplomat\u00e9, voj\u00e1ci, mni\u0161i, mision\u00e1\u0159i nebo \u0159emesln\u00edci. Nejednalo se v\u0161ak o cestov\u00e1n\u00ed pro pot\u011b\u0161en\u00ed. Cestovn\u00ed ruch se z poutnictv\u00ed vyvinul a\u017e od pozdn\u00edho st\u0159edov\u011bku. Na d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch m\u00edstech a pod\u00e9l d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch cest byly z\u0159\u00edzeny ubytovny pro poutn\u00edky.

Ubytovny byly pot\u0159eba pro stravov\u00e1n\u00ed, jako m\u00edsto na span\u00ed a jako bezpe\u010dn\u00fd \u00fakryt pro zv\u00ed\u0159ata a zbo\u017e\u00ed. V\u011bt\u0161ina cestovatel\u016f si nepronaj\u00edmala pokoj, ale d\u011blili si m\u00edsto na span\u00ed na slamn\u00edku s mnoha dal\u0161\u00edmi. Kr\u00e1de\u017ee osobn\u00edch v\u011bc\u00ed nebyly neobvykl\u00e9. Soukrom\u00ed prakticky neexistovalo. Lid\u00e9 v t\u00e9 dob\u011b byli na tuto st\u00edsn\u011bnost zvykl\u00ed, i v obytn\u00fdch domech byly pokoje a postele spole\u010dn\u00e9. Bohat\u00ed lid\u00e9 si zabrali pokoj nebo malou kom\u016frku vybavenou postel\u00ed, odd\u011blenou z\u00e1v\u011bsy nebo tenk\u00fdmi st\u011bnami z prken.

Tradi\u010dn\u00edmi dopravn\u00edmi prost\u0159edky ve st\u0159edov\u011bku byli krom\u011b ch\u016fze tak\u00e9 kon\u011b, muly, osli, vozy ta\u017een\u00e9 voly nebo ko\u0148mi, k\u00e1noe a lod\u011b. Obl\u00edben\u00fdmi zp\u016fsoby p\u0159epravy v\u011bt\u0161\u00edho mno\u017estv\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed po vod\u011b byly plavba, veslov\u00e1n\u00ed nebo tah\u00e1n\u00ed lod\u00ed ze b\u0159ehu za pomoci lid\u00ed nebo kon\u00ed. P\u011b\u0161ky nebo s volsk\u00fdm sp\u0159e\u017een\u00edm se dalo urazit asi 20 kilometr\u016f za den. Tomu odpov\u00edd\u00e1 i vzd\u00e1lenost m\u011bst pod\u00e9l Zlat\u00e9 cesty. V pohod\u011b na koni bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 ujet i 40 kilometr\u016f za den. Pokud bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 vym\u011bnit kon\u011b, dalo se dos\u00e1hnout i dvojn\u00e1sobn\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenosti.

Z \u010cech do Bavorska p\u0159ich\u00e1zely k\u016f\u017ee, vosk, ko\u0159en\u00ed, m\u011b\u010f, c\u00edn, \u017eelezo, slane\u010dci, l\u016fj, \u0161unka, s\u016fl, loden, sukno, voli. Z\u00a0 Bavorska se do \u010cech dod\u00e1valo flandersk\u00e9 sukno, obil\u00ed, v\u00edno, vlna a \u017eelezn\u00e9 zbo\u017e\u00ed. P\u0159eprava hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch zv\u00ed\u0159at byla hlavn\u00edm faktorem roz\u0161i\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed tras. Cestov\u00e1n\u00ed bylo spojeno s mnoha nebezpe\u010d\u00edmi a riziky, jako jsou divok\u00e1 zv\u00ed\u0159ata, loupe\u017en\u00e9 n\u00e1jezdy nebo \u0161patn\u00fd stav silnic. Nebezpe\u010dn\u00e1 byla zejm\u00e9na p\u0159eprava cenn\u00e9ho zbo\u017e\u00ed. Ve m\u011bstech se formovaly obchodn\u00ed v\u00fdpravy a ochrann\u00fd doprovod organizoval p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fd panovn\u00edk. Cel\u00e1 m\u011bsta vd\u011b\u010dila za svou existenci pr\u00e1v\u011b organizaci doprovod\u016f do dal\u0161\u00edch etap. Na d\u00e1lkov\u00e9 obchodn\u00ed cesty se v\u0161ak okoln\u00ed obyvatelstvo ned\u00edvalo jen pozitivn\u011b. A\u010dkoli v jednotliv\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech m\u011bli prosp\u011bch z cel, ubytoven nebo doprovodu, poci\u0165ovali i negativn\u00ed d\u016fsledky, jako jsou arm\u00e1dy voj\u00e1k\u016f, nemoci a „l\u016fza“ na silnic\u00edch.<\/p>\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mobilita ve st\u0159edov\u011bku m\u011bla pozoruhodn\u00fd rozsah. Obchodn\u00edci cestovali po cel\u00e9 Evrop\u011b i nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d kontinenty za \u00fa\u010delem m\u00edstn\u00edho i d\u00e1lkov\u00e9ho obchodu. Krom\u011b nich vyu\u017e\u00edvali obchodn\u00ed\u00a0cesty vyslanci, diplomat\u00e9, voj\u00e1ci, mni\u0161i, mision\u00e1\u0159i nebo \u0159emesln\u00edci. Nejednalo se v\u0161ak o cestov\u00e1n\u00ed pro pot\u011b\u0161en\u00ed. Cestovn\u00ed ruch se z poutnictv\u00ed vyvinul a\u017e od pozdn\u00edho st\u0159edov\u011bku. Na d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch…<\/p>\n

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